Its really hard to determine what causes this, but I've seen it with other games like Crysis 2.
Are you still able to play the game and do you have a decent frame rate with that modern card?
Did you install the Nvidia proprietary drivers?
I was able to run Path of Exile with Wine 1.6-rc4 and I bet newer versions of will like Wine 1.7.6 will probably work too.
Try testing it with newer versions of wine in PlayOnLinux.